study a map of the world, preferably a ball, you can not but wonder how some nations, but occupy a tiny fraction of the world, were able to colonize the rest of the planet, or nearly so. I'm talking about Portugal and Spain, the Netherlands, England, France and Belgium. Germany hardly mattered with only German East Africa (Tanzania) and the present PNG under their control for a limited time. Belgium took a piece of Central Africa (now Democratic Republic of Congo), while France established a presence in Indochine and some regions in Africa.
The main actors were Portugal, Spain, the Netherlands and England. Portugal was the first time from the colonization starter blocks pioneered the sea lanes in the east of the Cape of Good Hope, and westward across the Strait of Magellan rounds.
The Dutch followed a few decades later. Her main interest (the Dutch East India Company) was to get their hands on a portion, or all, of the lucrative spice trade, which was controlled by the Portuguese. So, after the sea route to the East, the Dutch navy used the information received, the Portuguese fortresses and castles on the way to the source of nutmeg, mace and cloves attack.
Although the strategy was successful and a trade monopoly was established in spice, the Dutchman was soon stiff competition from growing maritime interests of England. The rivalry between the two nations conducted in the second half of the 17th century, a number of Anglo-Dutch wars, culminating in the early years of the 19th century, in a British takeover of Java and Amboina. It was the year 1811 and Stamford Raffles was the Lieutenant Governor of Java.
The British interregnum lasted five years only appointed. But because the British, or I should say, Raffles' approach, and the appreciation and understanding of the indigenous population was so very different from the Dutch colonial attitude is the time from when a breath of fresh air. Of course Raffles arrived shortly after Daendels Governor General of the East Indies had been. Daendels was an engineering feat-building the Great Post Road reaches 1000 km to the west of Java, the East within a year to Panarukan in and within budget ... but at the cost of thousands of lives.
Daendels had been with the Javanese rulers company (a rather mild description of his attitude) and the population had to forced labor. No wonder Raffles was welcomed with open arms.
Raffles was clearly an exceptional person. Primarily he was a visionary, and together with its wide-ranging field of view, he was responsive, committed and open to information about the people and cultures of Java and the neighboring regions. But he was a representative sample of the British colonial attitude? In other words, most of the British colonial administration were the same color? An important point, as we want to compare the British to the Dutch colonial system. We have seen that Raffles made a recovery from the Dutch rule available, but would any of his colleagues and fellow citizens have done the same? to try to answer this question, let us look at the jewel in the British colonial crown a quick look. India
In a manner similar to the Dutch VOC in Indonesia, it was a trading company, the East India Company, which established a presence in the Indian subcontinent in the early 10s. English merchants establish outposts on the Indian coast, the cities Bombay would eventually become, Madras and Calcutta.
With an apology to those who. On generalizations shudder, I will try to the British and Dutch colonial to describe systems with a few broad strokes of my very broad brush
During the same trading posts begins, the systems were very different. Take, for example education. , Use under the British Raj (rule) in the first half of the 19th century, tax dollars, thousands of primary and secondary schools were opened, and the universities of Calcutta, Bombay and Madras. And until 180 around 60,000 Indians had enrolled, especially in the liberal arts or law. entered Approximately one third of the public administration and was another third attorneys. The result was a highly trained professional state bureaucracy. In contrast, the Dutch, the first technology-oriented university, the Bandung Institute of Technology, only in 1920. And as far as primary and secondary education was concerned, only a privileged few Indonesians were adopted in the Hollandse School.
concerns as physical infrastructure, India began to build, which has become the fourth largest in the world with a dense network of railways in the late 19th century. In the Netherlands Indies, was in 1894 completed the line of Batavia (Jakarta) to Surabaya And although finally the total number of kilometers of railway lines on Java was very impressive, it did not take an integrated network represents.
Another important difference is due to the contrast in scale, the two countries, their economic, social and cultural history, and the prospects and the character of its citizens. Where the English upper class of landed gentry insisted, were the Dutch dealers (collected taxes per meter house front) in narrow houses residing along the Amsterdam canals. However attractive Amsterdam is missing as a tourist destination, the canal houses, the splendor of the mansions of London.
This limitation is also reflected in the Dutch colonial attitude towards the indigenous population. Where the Dutch were obsessed with profit, the British deep-rooted sense of superiority has made it easier to appear generous colonized-educational, for example. And after 1858, the very well organized, highly trained and professional Indian Civil Service Indians opened.
This difference in outlook can be seen in the set up by the two colonizers building, the opulent British style. For example, Government House in Calcutta with the palace in Bogor, which was originally built for the Governor-General and today used by the President Compare.
Natural England also had its share of problems and problem administrators in India. But in general it seems that the British left behind more and were more for the welfare of the inhabitants of the region as the Dutch.
Apparently the Daendels and Raffles are have, in the long run, not matter all that much.
References:
Wikipedia, The British Raj and the Dutch East Indies
Google Earth
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